{"id":3583,"date":"2024-05-30T09:05:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T09:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shuanglinrubber.com\/?p=3583"},"modified":"2024-05-30T09:08:34","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T09:08:34","slug":"bridge-bearing-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shuanglinrubber.com\/ka\/bridge-bearing-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>\n<h2>\u1ca1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#introduction-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#types-of-bridge-bearings-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#design-considerations-for-bridge-bearings-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#installation-and-maintenance-of-bridge-bearings-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#failure-modes-and-prevention-in-bridge-bearings-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#innovations-in-bridge-bearing-technology-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#qa-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0-\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#conclusion-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u10e3\u10e4\u10e1\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e0\u10e7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/h2>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"types-of-bridge-bearings-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/h2>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da \u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10da \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10de\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10dc \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"design-considerations-for-bridge-bearings-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/h2>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8. Creep \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0. \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dd\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"installation-and-maintenance-of-bridge-bearings-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0<\/h2>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0. \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3. \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ed\u10e3\u10ed\u10e7\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d8\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4. \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d1\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8. \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1, \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"failure-modes-and-prevention-in-bridge-bearings-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/h2>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0. \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0-\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0-\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8, \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"innovations-in-bridge-bearing-technology-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/h2>\n<p>**Bridge Bearing: \u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8**<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10db\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d1\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 (FRP) \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10d0. FRP \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. FRP \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8 (FEA) \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"qa-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0-\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8<\/h2>\n<p>**\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 1:** \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8?<br \/>\n**\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8:** \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>**\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 2:** \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8?<br \/>\n**\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8:** \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>**\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 3:** \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1?<br \/>\n**\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8:** \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>**\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 4:** \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1?<br \/>\n**\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8:** \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>**\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 5:** \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8?<br \/>\n**\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8:** \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion-PpHirFjwZx\">\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0<\/h2>\n<p>** \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 **<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. 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